Red Oak versus White Oak
the difference in a nutshell

Red oak (quercus rubra) is far more plentiful in all hardwood markets than White oak (quercus alba), and therefore, will be less expensive in every aspect. Red oak usually has a pinkish hue and distinct "tiger stripes" in the surface grain, while white oak tends to a light brown coloration with less distinctive grain patterns. While both woods are extremely strong, white oak has a greater density, more strength, and can be used for liquid containing barrels, ship building and exterior products, while red oak is confined to interior use, such as cabinets, staircases, trim and furniture. Historically, white oak has been used in fine woodworking applications that indicate a higher-end product. The dense grain of white oak would have a practical advantage over red oak when used in bathroom and kitchen floors, where moisture would be expected.

The vast majority of stocked stair parts are red oak and white oak is very likely to be a custom order. Since the raw material of white oak is more expensive and White oak parts are generally custom ordered, a white oak staircase will cost more than a red oak staircase.